安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)技術(shu)起(qi)(qi)源于(yu)20世紀30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代，它(ta)是隨(sui)著西方(fang)國(guo)(guo)家保險(xian)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)需要而(er)發展(zhan)起(qi)(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)20世紀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)半葉得到了(le)(le)(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)道（DOW）化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學公(gong)司(si)(si)根(gen)據化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，首先開發出(chu)(chu)(chu)“火(huo)(huo)災(zai)、爆炸危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)指(zhi)數(shu)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”，用(yong)于(yu)對(dui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)裝置(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。該法(fa)(fa)(fa)已(yi)修訂6次(ci)，1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)發展(zhan)到第(di)7版。該評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)日(ri)(ri)趨科學、合理、切合實(shi)(shi)際，在(zai)世界工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)界得到了(le)(le)(le)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，引起(qi)(qi)各國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛研究、探(tan)討，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)(le)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)。1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)英國(guo)(guo)帝國(guo)(guo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)公(gong)司(si)(si)（ICI）蒙德(Mond)部在(zai)道化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學公(gong)司(si)(si)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上引進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)毒(du)性(xing)概念，并(bing)發展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)某些補償系數(shu)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)“蒙德火(huo)(huo)災(zai)、爆炸、毒(du)性(xing)指(zhi)標評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”。1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)美(mei)國(guo)(guo)原子能委(wei)員(yuan)會在(zai)沒有核電站(zhan)事故(gu)先例(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)系統(tong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程分(fen)析方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《核電站(zhan)風(feng)險(xian)報告》（WASH-1400），并(bing)被以后(hou)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核電站(zhan)事故(gu)所證實(shi)(shi)。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)本勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)省頒(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)“化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)六(liu)階段法(fa)(fa)(fa)”。確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)一種(zhong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)模式，并(bing)陸續開發了(le)(le)(le)匹田法(fa)(fa)(fa)等評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)[1]。日(ri)(ri)本《勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)由勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)基準(zhun)監(jian)督署對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)事先審(shen)查(cha)和(he)許可證制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、投(tou)資(zi)都要求進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。英國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，凡未進(jin)(jin)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營單位(wei)不準(zhun)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。歐(ou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)體1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)頒(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)《關于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)》，歐(ou)共(gong)(gong)(gong)體成員(yuan)國(guo)(guo)陸續制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)。國(guo)(guo)際勞(lao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(ILO)也(ye)先后(hou)公(gong)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)事故(gu)控制(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)南》、1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)事故(gu)預防實(shi)(shi)用(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程》和(he)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)使(shi)用(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)實(shi)(shi)用(yong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程》，對(dui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)要求。歐(ou)盟在(zai)2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未來化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)白(bai)皮書中(zhong)，明確將危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)登(deng)記及(ji)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)作(zuo)為政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)指(zhi)令(ling)。 　　 　　中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，早在(zai)1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)原勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部頒(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)《關于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)職業(ye)(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暫(zan)行(xing)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》中(zhong)就已(yi)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，原勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)部1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)頒(ban)(ban)(ban)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3號令(ling) 《建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)監(jian)察(cha)(cha)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》以及(ji)1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)頒(ban)(ban)(ban)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10號令(ling)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，為實(shi)(shi)施勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)“三同時”，更好(hao)地(di)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)預評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)奠定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)依據。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)26日(ri)(ri)國(guo)(guo)務院頒(ban)(ban)(ban)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)《危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理條例(li)》，該條例(li)中(zhong)將安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)報告作(zuo)為劇毒(du)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、儲(chu)存企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)其他(ta)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、儲(chu)存企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)政府(fu)部門提(ti)(ti)交的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)申請(qing)文件之一，這是中(zhong)央(yang)政府(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)中(zhong)首次(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現“安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)”這個(ge)名詞。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)，中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)主席第(di)七十(shi)號令(ling)公(gong)布(bu)了(le)(le)(le)《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，自2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)(ri)起(qi)(qi)施行(xing)。《條例(li)》和(he)《安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)、改建(jian)(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)預評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)；《條例(li)》規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、儲(chu)存危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)裝置(zhi)應(ying)(ying)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)現狀安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。這說明中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)政府(fu)對(dui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視，應(ying)(ying)當認真搞(gao)好(hao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)專項(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。