早在(zai)(zai)19世紀50年代初期,歐美一些資(zi)本(ben)主義國(guo)家(jia)就(jiu)先后開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)這一工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。日(ri)本(ben)引(yin)進(jin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)已有(you)(you)30 多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)也有(you)(you)20多年了(le)(le)(le)。但是(shi),日(ri)本(ben)人(ren)有(you)(you)時避(bi)諱"風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)"這個詞,所(suo)以(yi)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)本(ben)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)學學者建議(yi)在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)把風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)改(gai)稱為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)出(chu)(chu),最(zui)(zui)早來自保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye),后來才逐漸(jian)推廣到安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci), 對(dui)(dui)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容和(he)(he)(he)含義大(da)致有(you)(you)兩種理(li)解:從(cong)事(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)(ye)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員和(he)(he)(he)研究保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學者認為(wei),風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心是(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),而把預(yu)防(fang)災害事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)補充內(nei)容,風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管理(li)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)減(jian)小風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)而減(jian)少(shao)支(zhi)付保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金;安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)者則是(shi)把安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)當作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一種行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)法,因(yin)(yin)為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)既(ji)分析(xi)(xi)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜態(tai)危險(xian)(xian)(xian),也評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)估分析(xi)(xi)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)可能(neng)(neng)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動態(tai)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)隱患,開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)預(yu)防(fang)和(he)(he)(he)減(jian)少(shao)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu),所(suo)以(yi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)是(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)系(xi)統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成部分。 安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)就(jiu)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)系(xi)統(tong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)因(yin)(yin)素進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)分析(xi)(xi),通過與(yu)(yu)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)得(de)出(chu)(chu)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險(xian)(xian)(xian)程(cheng)(cheng)度,提(ti)出(chu)(chu)改(gai)進(jin)措(cuo)施。 所(suo)以(yi),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)同其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、產(chan)品(pin)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)等一樣(yang),都(dou)是(shi)從(cong)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)值開(kai)(kai)始,對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、產(chan)品(pin)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)特(te)性(xing)和(he)(he)(he)效果(guo)等屬性(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),最(zui)(zui)后根據測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 結果(guo)用一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法綜合(he)、分析(xi)(xi)、判斷,并作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)決策的(de)(de)(de)(de)參考。 上述(shu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)義中(zhong)(zhong),包含有(you)(you)三層意思(si): 第(di)(di)一,對(dui)(dui)系(xi)統(tong)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)因(yin)(yin)素進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing) 和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)量(liang)分析(xi)(xi),這是(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎, 這里面包括(kuo)有(you)(you)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)測(ce)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)分析(xi)(xi); 第(di)(di)二,通過與(yu)(yu)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)得(de)出(chu)(chu)系(xi)統(tong)發生危險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)(neng)性(xing)或程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia);第(di)(di)三, 提(ti)出(chu)(chu)改(gai)進(jin)措(cuo)施,以(yi)尋(xun)求最(zui)(zui)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)率,達到安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)評(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)終目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。