
安全性評價的起源與發展
安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia),是在繼(ji)承傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)思想的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,吸取和(he)借鑒(jian)現代管理(li)(li)(li)科學(xue),結合企(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)踐而形成和(he)發展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)。 從我國(guo)來看(kan),安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)已(yi)經在一(yi)些行(xing)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)展(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)。比如:1988年,機(ji)(ji)械行(xing)業(ye)(ye)制(zhi)定了《機(ji)(ji)械工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)標(biao)準》,對危(wei)及(ji)(ji)人身安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)因素作(zuo)出評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。 1990年,中(zhong)國(guo)石油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)總公司(si)制(zhi)定了《石油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)實(shi)施方法》,它把企(qi)業(ye)(ye)劃分為(wei)八個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),即綜合管理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產運行(xing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、公用工(gong)(gong)(gong)程系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、生產輔(fu)助系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、儲存運輸系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、廠(chang)區布置及(ji)(ji)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)環(huan)境(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)防系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)衛生系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),采取“評(ping)分法”進行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。此外,化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)部劃分了“化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)危(wei)險程度分級”,冶(ye)金部頒布了《冶(ye)金工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)危(wei)險程度分級標(biao)準》。安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)活動的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan),有力地促(cu)進了安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo),也為(wei)推動安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價(jia)(jia)(jia)理(li)(li)(li)論的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究提供了時機(ji)(ji)和(he)實(shi)踐場所。
